Fluid-pressure motor



NW@ W 1929, E. J. MOORE ET A1. 73576 FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR Original Filed July 31, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f@ 6% kwa,

Patented Nov. 12, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EDWARD J. MOORE AND RAYMOND H. MOORE, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOBS, .'BY l MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE ROTOR AIR TOOL COMPANY,

A CORPORATION OF OHIO FLUID-PRESSURE MOTOR Application mearuly 31, 1919, serial No. 314,511.

This invention relates to fluid pressure. motors, and has for its general object to improve the construction and operation of such motors. Further and more limited objects of the invention are to provide a novel means for controlling the supply of pressure fluid to the cylinders and pistons of such motors; to provide such motors with an eliicient construction and arrangement of throttle or control- D ling valve; to provide for the pistons of motors of the rotary type an improved means for lubrication; and to provide for the last mentioned types of motors a novel arrangement for the distribution of the exhaust iiuid: A

i still further object of the invention is to provide a rotarymotor which may be conveniently operated and applied to the work by hand. We realize the foregoing objects in and through the construction and arrangei ment of parts shown in the drawings forming part hereof, wherein Fig. l represents a longitudinal sectional viewl through a motor constructed in accordance with ourinvention, the said view correspondlng to the line l-l of Fig. 3, the shaft being shown in elevation and certain parts being broken away; Fig. 2 a view similar to Fig. 1 and corresponding to the line 2 2 of Fig. 3; Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 sectional details corresponding respectively to the lines 3-3, 4 4, 5-5, 6-6 and 7-7 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 8 a detail in perspective of to the manually valve.

Describing the parts by references characters, 1 denotes the motor shaft, said shaft being mounted in a pair of heads indicated at 2 and 3, the head 2 being what is known to the trade as the dead" head and the head 3 the live head. Each head comprises a sleeve portion indicated at 4 and 5 respectively, the said sleeve portions being connected with fiat leads 6 and 7 respectively, which heads form the ends of the cylinder assembly. Each of :hese heads is of the general contour shown yn Fig. 3. The sleeve 4 is provided with a :hamber 8 to which lubricant may be sup- `ilied from a suitable receptacle, as a grease :up 8, through a port 8*. This'chamber is Ldaptcd to communicate by a smaller port 9 vith a section 10 in the head assembly 2 of operated throttle or controlling A, The operating portion 20.

Renewed December 17, 1925.

the conduit through which the pressure fluid is supplied to the cylinders. The shaft 1 is provided with a central vbore 1l communieating at one end with said chamber and having ports l2 and 13 adapted to conduct lubri cant from the chamber 8 to the working parts of the motor, to be referred to hereinafter. end of the shaft ll may be provided with any suitable tool, a grinding Wheel 14 being shown as secured to such shaft end by means of nuts l5 and 16.

The dead head of the motor is provided with a bore comprising an internally threaded portion 17, a cylindrical portion 18 adapted to communicate with 'the conduit section 10 through a port 19, and a reduced cylindrical Rotatably Amounted within the cylindrical chamber formed at 18 is a valve comprising a cylindrical cup 21 which is open toward the threaded section17 of the bore, the opposite end of the cup being closed and adapted to abut against an annular shoulder provided between the bore sections 18 and 20. From the closed end of the cup 21 there projects a cylindrical stem 23 which lits within the bore section 20, and from said stem there projects an annular extension 24 to which there is secured an operating arm 25. A pipe connection 26 comprising a part or section of the conduit for the supply of pressure fluid the cylinders is threaded into the bore section 17. Mounted on this pipe connection is a sleeve 27 having an arm 28 projecting therefrom and\connected to the arm by means of screws 29. The cup constitutes a throttle or controlling valve for regulating the Volume of pressure fluid which may pass from the conduit 26 to the conduit section 10, the said valve being provided with a tapered port 3() ofabout 180 in extent, whereby, by rotation of the valve cated by the arrow on Fig. 8, the supply of pressure fluid to the conduit section 10 may be gradually increased, .and by rotation in the opposite direction may be gradually decreased. It will be observed that a slight clearance is provided between the open end of the cup valve 21 and the adjacent end of the pipe section 26. By the construction and arrangement of parts, the unbalanced presor CLEVELAND, 01110,

in the direction indisure of the pressure fluid entering the pipe section=26 will .hold the valve iirmly to its seat, and leakage of such fluid will be prevented. The delivery end of the conduit section 16 is provided with a port 31 which is adapted to communicate with a bore 32, and through the delivery end 32a of said bore in the head 6, with the cylinders. Mounted in said bore 32 is a plunger valve 33 the front end of said valve being tapered as shown at 33a to cooperate with the similarly tapered valve seat 32 at the rear of the port 32a. The valve 33 is provided with an annular channel 35 adapted to register with the port 31 and communicating with a diagonal port 36 extending through the front of said valve. It will be apparent that pressure fluid from the conduit section may pass through the groove v35 into the port 36 irrespective of the position of the valve, provided only that the groove 35 registers with the port 31. The rear end of the valve -33 is provided with a packing ring 37 secured thereto by means of a washer 38 and a screw 39. Mounted within the bore 32 is a helical spring 40 bearing at one end against the washer 38 and at its opposite end against a plug 41 which is threaded into sai bore, the sai being provided with a plugl venting port 42 w ereby, should any presv sure fluid leak into the bore 32 past the valve 33, it will be vented to the atmosphere and not interfere with the proper functioning of said valve. i

As hereinbefore stated, the heads 6 and 7 constitute the end walls of the motor cylinders. Two such c linders and two rotary pistons are shown erein, and the construction andv manner of assembling these parts of the motor will now be described.

43 denotes a head, similar in contour to the heads 6 and 7 and equidistant-therefrom. This intermediate head is sleeved upon the shaft l and is provided with a port 44, preferably in alignment with the port 32, and with a port 45 the purpose of which will be explained `hereinafter. On each side of the head or partition 43, the shaft 1 has mounted thereupon a rotary piston, indicated at 46 and 47, respectively, and arranged 180 apart on said shaft. Each of these rotary pistons is shown as secured to the shaft by means of a headed screw 48, 49 threaded into said shaft and entering a recess 50, 51, provided respectively there or in each piston, each recess extending into its piston from the end which faces the intermediate wall or parti-- tion 43. A

Each of these rotary pistons is mounted 00 within a combined cylinder and mulerchamber casting shown in section in Fig. 3, each of these castings being interposed between the intermediate head or partition 43 and the heads 6 and 7, respectively. One of 05 the cylinders is indicated' at 52 and the axis of said cylinder coincides with the axis of the shaft 1. Cast with each cylinder is a fluid distributing chamber 53, the chamber at the right hand end of Fig. 1 communicating with the port .32a and with the distributing chamber of the other cylinder through the port 44. The chamber 53 of each cylinder communicates with the cylinder proper through a port 54. .In addition to the chamber.53, each cylinder casting is `provided with a muffler chamber 55 extending downwardly from the chamber 53 and provided with. a plurality of exhaust outlets 56 near the bottom thereof. In order to facilitate the discharge of the exhaust gases, each cylinder is enabled to discharge such gases not only through the mulller chamber' associated therewith but through the muier chamber of the other cylinder. For this purpose, the intermediate wall or partition 43l is provided with a port 57 registering with and establishing ommunication between both muller chamers.

Each rotary piston 46 and 47 is provided with an external cylindrical surface` adapted to contact with the inner wall of its cylinder and of such extent as simultaneously to seal d the inlet port 54 and the exhaust port 58 .thereof From each side of this surface, the

curvature of the outer wall of each piston is uniform and gradually increases with the corresponding decrease in the length of the radii, so that a crescent-shaped chamber 52l will be provided between the piston and the cylinder as shown in Fig. 3.

In order to. distribute the pressure fluid in operative relation to each piston, each cylinder is provided with an abutment 59 mounted in the cylinder casting and in grooves 6() and 61 provided respectively in each of the heads 6 and 7 and in the opposite sides of the intermediate head or partition 43. Each of these abutments is interposedbetween the inlet port 54 and the exhaust port 58 of its cylinder, and preferably pro-L jects into the cylinder chamber 52a in a radial direction. For the purpose of holding the inner end of each abutment in engagement with its rotary piston prior to the supply of pressure fluid to the cylinders, a light spring 62 is provided, the inner end of said spring surrounding the head of a bolt or screw 63 projecting from the outer face of the abutment and the outer end of said sprin bearing against a plug64 threaded into ay oss b.- As soon as there is any material pressure fluid entering the chambers 53, the unbalanced pressure of such fluid acting on top of the abutments will hold them positively to their seats upon their respective pistons.

They motor may be assembled by first placing the intermediate wall or partition 43 in the proper position upon the shaft. The rotary pistons will then beslipped over their respective ends of the shafts with their remaarre cesses 50 and 5l receiving the heads of the lrey screws 48 and 49, respectively. The cylinder castings and the abutments therein will then be slipped over their respective pistons. The live7 and the 6dead7 head will then be applied to the shaft and the said heads, cylin.n ders, and the intermediate head Will be secured together by means or' the through bolts 64, it being noted that the said heads are provided with seats, indicated at 65 and 66, for the ends ot the cylinders and for the ends of the mutller chambers. The ends of the cylinders vvill be closed by the three heads and the ends of the muitler chambers 55 and of the disl tributing chambers 53 will also be closed by said heads, with the exception of the ports 44 and 57 in the intermediate head, the purpose oi' which has been hereinbeiore explained.

With the parts constructed and arranged as described, `when it is desired to operate the motor, the operator will support the tool as a Whole by grasping the outer portion or extenof such pistons,

sion of the head or bracket 2 and the sleevelilre extension 5 oi the head or bracket 3, these portions constituting the supporting handles of the tool, and he vvill turn the valve 2l by means of the handle sleeve 27 so as to admit pressure tluid through the conduit section 26 into the conduit section 10. This fluid will be supplied to both cylinders through the ports 3l and 36 and the distributing chambers 53. With no load on the motor and a :fixed opening of the valve 2l, the speed of 'the motor will be constant. When the motor is loaded, as by applying the grinding Wheel 14 'to the Work, pressure vvill accumulate on the delivery side of the valve 33, thereby moving said valve rearwardly and increasingly opening the port 31. `Within the limits of its capacity, the motor Will therefore operate at constant speed under varying load conditions with a given area of opening of the port 30. The greater the load, the greater will be the back pressure of the iiuid and the greater the movement of the valve 33 to admit pressure fluid in accordance With such load. As the load decreases, the back pressure also decreases, and the valve 33 Will/be moved toward closing position by its spring 4Q.

Because of the arrangement of the'pistons at 180o apart, the exhaust through their respective cylinders will be unequal except at two points only in the revolution 'of each iston; in all other positions in the revolutions the exhaust will be unequal. By discharging the exhaust from each cylinder into both muiiler chambers, the exhaust as a Whole will be evenly distributed and the motor will run smoothly.l By exposing the lubricant in the chamber 8 to the pressure of the fluid in the conduit section 10, the'pressure on the lubricant within the bore 1l and upon the lubricant su plied to the sides of the pistons and to the earings in the sleeve 5 will be equalized, so that the lubricant may be sup- `and a dead head havin a plied by centrifugal action from the interior.

ofthe shaft through the port 12 to the sides of the pistons as Well as through the port 13 to the bearing for the shalt provided in the live7 head sleeve 5.

Each of the rotors is ci hard Wear-resistant metal While the cooperating abutment is of softer material, such as liber or soft metal. By making the abutments ont such material, the rotors will not be cut dovvn by the abutments, as the latter talre the vveturn This enables the rotors to operate efficiently for a long period Without the development ont lealtage between the rotors and their cylinder E walls.

Having thus described our invention what We claim is l. ln a rotary motor, the combination oi a cylinder, a rotor therein, a shalt extending through said cylinder and to which said rotor is secured, said shaft having a bore 'for lubrin cant and a port extending trom said bore to conduct lubricant to said cylinder, a duid pressure conduit communicating with said cylinder, and a connection between said con duit and the supply portion of said bore thereby to equalize the pressure upon the said n port and upon the supply end of said bore.

2. In a rotary motor, the combination ont a cylinder, a rotor therein, a shaft extending through said cylinder to which said rotor is attached, the said shaft having a bore extending from one end thereof and a port communicating with said bore and adapted to supply lubricant to said rotor vvithin said cylinder, a chamber from which lubricant is supplied to said bore, a :duid pressure conduit communicating with said cylinder, and a port establishing communication between the said chamber and the said conduit.

3. In a rotary motor, the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a rotor in each cylinder, a live head at one end of the cylinders .sleeve bearin at the opposite end of sai cylinders, a sha" t mounted in said heads and said sleeve, the live head being provided with a chamber for lubricant, a shaft extending from said chamber through said cylinders and mounted in said sleeve and being secured to said rotors, the said shaft having a bore extending from said chamber into said sleeve and being provided With ports establishing communication between said bore and the cylinders and between said bore and the sleeve, and a duid pressure supply conduit communicatin with said cylinders and having a port establishin communication between said chamber an said conduit. y

4. In a rotary motor, the combination of a cylinder, a rotor insaid cylinder, a live head at one end of the cylinder and a dead extension with radially o each of the latter provided with a chamber for lubricant, a shaft extending from said chamber through said cylinder and mounted in said sleeve andbeing secured to said rotor, the said shaft having a bore extending from said chamber into said sleeve and being provided with ports establishing communication between said bore and said cylinder and between said bore and said sleeve, and a fluid pressure supply conm duit communicating with said cylinder and havmga port establishing communication between said chamber and said conduit.

5. ln a rotary motor, a casing portion having two adjoining cylinders, an intermediate 5 wall between the cylinders and two end walls closing the ends of the cylinders, one end wall having a bracket with a handle portion and.

'the other end wall having a sleeve-like extension forming a handle portion, a shaft- 20 extending through said sleeve-like extension,

through the cylinders and intermediate wall, two rotors eccentrically mounted on the shaft and disposed 180 cylinders, the casing 'portion having a lateral disposed 'guideways l communicating with the cylinders and with inlet and exhaust chambers on opposite sides of the guideways, and a sliding abutment in each guideway having its inner edge in a0 engagement with the annular wall of the associated rotor, the' inlet chamber extending through the intermediate wall and communicating with both guideways so that the pressure or the air will be exerted on the abutae ments to hold them in engagement with the f J rotors.

ti. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing portion havingtwo coaxial cylinders, an intermediate wall and two end walls, the latter having a projecting handle portion, one-being in the form of asleevelike extension, a shaft mounted therein and `extending through the cylinders and intery mediate wall, two annular rotors in the cyl-- .g5 inders eccentrically mounted on the shaft, the

casing portion having a segmental lateral extension containing two radial abutment guideways, and inletand outlet chambers located on opposite sides of the guideways, communicating with the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber having a plurality of exhaust openings,' and abutments in said guideways having their inner edges pressed into engagement with the 55 rotors.

7. ln a rotary motor, the combination with -a casing portion having two coaxial cylinders, an intermediate wall and two end walls, each of the latter having a projecting hanco dle portion, one being in the orm of a sleevelilre extension, a shaft mounted therein and extending through the cylinders and intermediate wall, two annular rotors in the cylinders eccentrically mounted on the shaft,

e5 the casing portion having a segmental latapart and located in saideral extension containing two abutment guideways and inletland outlet chambers located on opposite sides of the guideways, the latter communicating with the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber having a plurality of exhaust openings, and abutments in said guideways having pressed into engagement with the rotors, the outer wall of said segmental lateral extension having removable means in line with the abutments and serving to close the outer ends ot the guideways. e

8. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing portion having two coaxial cylinders, an intermediate wall and two end walls, each ot the latter having a projecting handle portion, one being'in theform of a sleevelike extension, a shaft mounted therein, and extending through the cylinders and intermediate wall, two annular rotors in the cylinders eccentrically mounted on the shaft, the casing portion having a segmental lateral extension containing two abutment guideways, and inlet and outlet chambers located on opposite sides of the guideways, the latter comtheir inner edges` n'iu'nicating with the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber having a plurality of exhaust openings, and abutments in said guideways having their inner edges pressed into engagement with the rotors, segmental lateral extension havingV adjustable means in line with the abutments, and springs interposed between said means and the abutments.

ln testimony whereof, I hereunto ax my signature.

EDWARD J. MOORE. ln testimony whereof, l hereunto aliix my signature.

RAYMOND H. MOORE' the Outer wall of said 

